Data findings and figures

Each finding is mechanically traced to the underlying source observations and opens in the interactive data view.

• Russia passes India in 2024, reporting 22,500 measles cases against India’s 18,500. — In 2023, Russia reported 13,100 measles cases while India reported 65,200.
• Germany passes China in 2024 as military spending reaches 1.9% of GDP against China’s 1.7%. — In 2023, military spending was 1.5% of GDP in Germany and 1.7% in China.
• South Africa passes India in 2024, with 24.2 infant deaths per 1,000 live births against 23.3. — In 2023, South Africa recorded 24.3 infant deaths per 1,000 live births and India recorded 24.5.
• Russia passes the United States in 2024, emitting 14.0 tonnes of CO2 equivalent per person against 13.6. — In 2023, Russia emitted 13.5 tonnes of CO2 equivalent per person and the United States emitted 13.7.
• Bangladesh passes Pakistan in 2025, hosting 1.18 million refugees against Pakistan’s 1.16 million. — In 2024, Bangladesh hosted 1.01 million refugee people and Pakistan hosted 1.56 million.
• Vietnam edges past Indonesia in 2025, with GDP per person of 5,065.99 current US dollars against 5,059.63. — In 2024, GDP per person was 4,716.66 current US dollars in Vietnam and 4,925.44 in Indonesia.
• Burkina Faso passes China in 2025, with 351,000 refugees abroad against China’s 154,000. — In 2024, Burkina Faso had 150,000 refugee people abroad and China had 154,000.
• Indonesia passes Germany in 2024, emitting 243 million tonnes of CO2 from oil against 233 million. — In 2023, Indonesia emitted 237 million tonnes of CO2 from oil and Germany emitted 237 million.
• Indonesia passes France in 2024, with adult obesity at 11.8% against France’s 11.2%. — In 2023, adult obesity was 11.2% in Indonesia and 11.3% in France.
• Spain passes the United States in 2025, hosting 511,000 refugees against 458,000. — In 2024, Spain hosted 429,000 refugee people and the United States hosted 435,000.
• Indonesia passes South Korea in 2023, with consumption-based emissions of 728 million tonnes of CO2. — In 2022, Indonesia emitted 709 million consumption-based tonnes of CO2 and South Korea emitted 723 million.
• Poland passes the United States in 2024, spending 4.2% of GDP on the military against 3.4%. — In 2023, military spending was 3.3% of GDP in Poland and 3.3% in the United States.
• Iran edges past Japan in 2024, emitting 1,012 million tonnes of CO2 equivalent against 1,007 million. — In 2023, Iran emitted 1,001 million tonnes of CO2 equivalent and Japan emitted 1,032 million.
• Egypt passes Germany in 2025, with working-age people at 63.2% of the population against 62.4%. — In 2024, working-age people made up 62.9% of the population in Egypt and 62.9% in Germany.
• Brazil passes Morocco in 2020, with 72.15 maternal deaths per 100,000 live births against 71.85. — In 2019, Brazil recorded 60.7 maternal deaths per 100,000 live births and Morocco recorded 76.4.
• Iran passes Türkiye in 2023, with life expectancy at 77.7 years against Türkiye’s 77.2 years. — In 2022, life expectancy was 76.8 years in Iran and 77.6 years in Türkiye.
• Türkiye overtakes Germany in 2024, with 680 million versus 660 million tonnes of greenhouse gases. — In 2023, Türkiye records 656 million tonnes of carbon dioxide equivalent and Germany 684 million, after Türkiye had trailed since 1850.
• Vietnam overtakes the United Kingdom in 2024, at 4.3 versus 4.2 tonnes of carbon dioxide per person. — In 2023, Vietnam records 3.9 tonnes of carbon dioxide equivalent per person and the United Kingdom 4.4, after Vietnam had trailed since 1970.
• Egypt overtakes Italy in 2024, with 12.1 versus 11.3 million tonnes of carbon dioxide from coal. — In 2023, Egypt records 8.64 million tonnes of carbon dioxide from coal and Italy 21.7 million, after Egypt had trailed since 1911.
• Bangladesh overtakes Ukraine in 2023, at 168 versus 166 million tonnes of consumption-based carbon dioxide. — In 2022, Bangladesh records 166 million tonnes of consumption-based carbon dioxide and Ukraine 168 million, after Bangladesh had trailed since 1990.
• Vietnam overtakes South Africa in 2024 GDP per person, at 16,400 versus 15,500 current international dollars. — In 2023, Vietnam records 15,000 current international dollars per person and South Africa 15,200, after Vietnam had trailed since 1990.
• South Africa overtakes Germany in 2024, at 6.9 versus 6.8 tonnes of carbon dioxide per person. — In 2023, South Africa records 6.9 tonnes of carbon dioxide per person and Germany 7.0, after South Africa had trailed since 1948.
• Chad overtakes Pakistan in 2025, hosting 1.5 million versus 1.2 million refugees. — In 2024, Chad hosts 1.3 million refugees and Pakistan 1.6 million, after Chad had trailed since 1992.
• Japan overtakes Canada in 2024 military spending, at 1.4 versus 1.3 percent of GDP. — In 2023, Japan spends 1.1 percent of GDP on the military and Canada 1.3 percent, after Japan had trailed since 1960.
• Thailand overtakes France in 2024, emitting 268 million versus 264 million tonnes of carbon dioxide. — In 2023, Thailand emits 265 million tonnes of carbon dioxide and France 270 million, after Thailand had trailed since 1931.
• China's carbon dioxide emissions from cement fall by 139 million tonnes from 2014 to 2024. — China records 757 million tonnes of carbon dioxide from cement in 2014 and 618 million in 2024, an 18.4 percent decline.
• Brazil's unemployment rate hits an all-time low of 5.97 percent in 2025. — Brazil's 2025 rate is below the previous record of 6.03 percent in 1993, ending a 32-year record drought.
• Mexico's military spending reaches an all-time high of 0.9 percent of GDP in 2024. — Mexico's previous record was 0.7 percent of GDP in 1963, marking a 61-year record drought.
• Japan's carbon dioxide emissions reach a record low of 7.84 tonnes per person in 2024. — Japan's previous low was 7.91 tonnes of carbon dioxide equivalent per person in 1983, marking a 41-year record drought.
• Indonesia's extreme poverty rate falls from 21.6 percent in 2015 to 4.0 percent in 2025. — Indonesia records a decline of 17.6 percentage points from 2015 to 2025, equivalent to an 81.5 percent fall.
• Jordan's population growth turns negative in 2025, at -0.3 percent per year. — Jordan records population growth of 1.0 percent in 2024 before the 2025 reversal, ending a positive run dating to 1961.
• Ghana's exports overtake imports in 2024, ending a run dating to 1983. — In Ghana in 2024, exports equal 35.1 percent of GDP and imports 33.9 percent, a 1.1 percentage-point trade surplus after a -0.8-point balance in 2023.
• DR Congo reports 312,000 measles cases in 2024, up from 33,700 in 2014. — DR Congo's increase from 2014 to 2024 is 278,000 reported measles cases, or 824.0 percent.
• DR Congo's internally displaced population rises from 1.56 million in 2015 to 5.67 million in 2025. — DR Congo records an increase of 4.11 million internally displaced people from 2015 to 2025, or 264.6 percent.
• Türkiye's net migration swings from 1.06 million people in 2015 to -258,000 in 2025. — Türkiye records a net migration decline of 1.32 million people from 2015 to 2025, equal to 124.3 percent.
• Germany's hosted refugee population rises from 316,000 in 2015 to 2.66 million in 2025. — Germany hosts 2.34 million more refugees in 2025 than in 2015, an increase of 740.0 percent.
• South Africa’s DTP3 immunization rate hits a record low of 65.0% in 2025. — South Africa’s previous low was 69.0% in 2003, a record that stood for 22 years before 2025.
• South Africa’s tuberculosis incidence falls from 1,070 in 2014 to 389 in 2024. — South Africa records 681 fewer cases per 100,000 people in 2024 than in 2014, a decline of 63.6%.
• Japan’s nuclear electricity generation rises from 4.52 terawatt-hours in 2015 to 94.1 in 2025. — Japan generates 89.6 more terawatt-hours of nuclear electricity in 2025 than in 2015.
• Iraq enters the global top 10 for reported measles cases at rank 2 in 2024. — Iraq rises from rank 11 with 12,300 reported cases in 2023 to rank 2 with 32,500 in 2024 among 194 countries.
• Sudan’s internally displaced population rises from 3.22 million in 2015 to 9.14 million in 2025. — Sudan has 5.92 million more internally displaced people in 2025 than in 2015, an increase of 184.0%.
• Uganda’s hosted refugee population rises from 477,000 in 2015 to 1.94 million in 2025. — Uganda hosts 1.46 million more refugees in 2025 than in 2015, an increase of 306.0%.
• Germany’s net migration turns negative in 2025 after a positive run since 2009. — Germany shifts from a net gain of 37,000 people in 2024 to a net loss of 334,000 people in 2025.
• Chile’s renewable share of primary energy reaches a record 32.3% in 2024. — Chile’s previous record was 31.0% in 1987, a high that stood for 37 years before 2024.
• Myanmar’s internally displaced population rises from 451,000 in 2015 to 3.63 million in 2025. — Myanmar has 3.18 million more internally displaced people in 2025 than in 2015, an increase of 704.0%.
• Cambodia’s internally displaced population reaches a record 518,000 people in 2025. — Cambodia’s previous record was 124,000 internally displaced people in 1994, a high that stood for 31 years before 2025.
• Ukraine’s military spending rises from 3.0% of GDP in 2014 to 34.5% in 2024. — Ukraine’s military spending share increases by 31.5 percentage points between 2014 and 2024.
• The Philippines’ noncommunicable disease death probability rises from 25.0% in 2011 to 31.9% in 2021. — For people ages 30–70 in the Philippines, the probability increases by 6.9 percentage points between 2011 and 2021.
• Uzbekistan’s fertility rate rises from 2.55 births per woman in 2014 to 3.49 in 2024. — Uzbekistan records an increase of 0.94 births per woman between 2014 and 2024.
• Madagascar’s malaria incidence rises from 49.8 in 2014 to 255 in 2024. — Madagascar records 206 more malaria cases per 1,000 people at risk in 2024 than in 2014, an increase of 413.0%.
• Syria shifts from a net migration loss of 827,000 people in 2015 to a gain of 422,000 in 2025. — Syria’s net migration increases by 1.25 million people between 2015 and 2025.
• Cambodia’s forest area falls from 54.1% of land in 2013 to 43.1% in 2023. — Cambodia’s forest share declines by 11.0 percentage points between 2013 and 2023.
• Cambodia’s access to clean cooking fuels rises from 19.0% in 2014 to 57.0% in 2024. — Cambodia’s population share with clean cooking fuel access increases by 38.0 percentage points between 2014 and 2024.
• Chad's hosted refugee population rises from 370,000 in 2015 to 1.5 million in 2025. — Chad's 2015–2025 increase is 1.13 million people, or 306.5 percent.
• Egypt's pending asylum seekers rise from 38,100 people in 2015 to 878,000 in 2025. — Egypt's pending caseload increases by 840,000 people between 2015 and 2025, or 2,203.1 percent.
• Electricity access in Rwanda climbs from 15.2 percent in 2013 to 63.9 percent in 2023. — Rwanda's electricity access gains 48.7 percentage points between 2013 and 2023, an increase of 320.4 percent.
• Sudan's refugee population abroad rises from 387,000 people in 2010 to 2.82 million in 2025. — Sudan's total increases by 2.43 million people between 2010 and 2025, or 628.4 percent.
• Poland's hosted refugee population surges from 14,100 people in 2015 to 990,000 in 2025. — Poland's hosted refugee count increases by 976,000 people between 2015 and 2025, or 6,946.1 percent.
• Alcohol consumption in Angola falls from 7.4 litres per adult in 2014 to 2.5 litres in 2024. — Angola's consumption drops by 4.9 litres of pure alcohol per adult between 2014 and 2024, or 66.4 percent.
• South Sudan's under-five mortality falls from 183 deaths per thousand live births in 2014 to 96.7 in 2024. — South Sudan's 2014–2024 drop is 85.9 deaths per thousand live births, a 47.0 percent decline.
• Jordan's population growth swings from 8.2 percent per year in 2015 to -0.3 percent in 2025. — Jordan's annual population growth rate falls by 8.5 percentage points between 2015 and 2025.
• Clean cooking fuel access in Vietnam rises from 63.0 percent in 2014 to 91.0 percent in 2024. — Vietnam's access gains 28.0 percentage points between 2014 and 2024, an increase of 44.4 percent.
• New Zealand's alcohol consumption hits a record low of 7.93 litres per adult in 2024. — New Zealand's 2024 level slips below the previous low of 8.13 litres per adult in 1998, ending a 26-year record drought.
• Kazakhstan reports a record 28,100 measles cases in 2024. — Kazakhstan's 2024 count tops the previous record of 16,100 reported cases in 2005, after a 19-year gap.
• Unemployment in Greece falls from 25.0 percent in 2015 to 8.5 percent in 2025. — Greece's unemployment rate drops by 16.4 percentage points between 2015 and 2025, or 65.8 percent.
• Iran's carbon dioxide emissions from gas rise from 335 million tonnes in 2014 to 493 million in 2024. — Iran's emissions from gas increase by 158 million tonnes of carbon dioxide between 2014 and 2024, or 47.1 percent.
• Adult obesity in Pakistan rises from 14.5 percent in 2014 to 24.5 percent in 2024. — Pakistan's adult obesity rate gains 10.0 percentage points between 2014 and 2024, an increase of 69.4 percent.
• South Sudan's refugee population abroad rises from 779,000 people in 2015 to 2.39 million in 2025. — South Sudan's total increases by 1.61 million people between 2015 and 2025, or 206.5 percent.
• Uganda's hosted refugee population climbs from 136,000 people in 2010 to 1.94 million in 2025. — Uganda's hosted refugee count increases by 1.8 million people between 2010 and 2025, or 1,326.2 percent.
• Forest area in Cambodia falls from 60.2 percent of land in 2008 to 43.1 percent in 2023. — Cambodia's forest share drops by 17.1 percentage points between 2008 and 2023, a decline of 28.5 percent.
• Sierra Leone's maternal mortality falls from 837 deaths per hundred thousand live births in 2010 to 443 in 2020. — Sierra Leone's rate drops by 395 deaths per hundred thousand live births between 2010 and 2020, or 47.1 percent.
• Electricity access in Tanzania rises from 16.4 percent in 2013 to 48.3 percent in 2023. — Tanzania's electricity access gains 31.9 percentage points between 2013 and 2023, an increase of 194.5 percent.
• Niger's fertility rate falls from 7.3 births per woman in 2014 to 5.9 in 2024. — Niger's fertility rate drops by 1.4 births per woman between 2014 and 2024, or 19.2 percent.
• South Africa’s tuberculosis incidence drops 69.1% between 2009 and 2024. — South Africa records 1,260 cases per 100,000 people in 2009 and 389 per 100,000 people in 2024.
• South Korea’s older population share rises sharply between 2015 and 2025. — In South Korea, older people account for 13.0% of the population in 2015 and 20.3% in 2025, an increase of 7.4 percentage points.
• Bosnia and Herzegovina reports a record 7,960 measles cases in 2024. — Bosnia and Herzegovina’s previous record is 3,940 reported cases in 1997, followed by a 27-year record drought ending in 2024.
• Carbon dioxide emissions per person fall 25.7% in the United Arab Emirates from 2014 to 2024. — The United Arab Emirates records 24.6 tonnes of carbon dioxide equivalent per person in 2014 and 18.3 tonnes in 2024.
• Life expectancy in the Central African Republic rises sharply from 2014 to 2024. — The Central African Republic records life expectancy of 40.3 years in 2014 and 57.7 years in 2024, an increase of 17.4 years.
• Yemen’s internally displaced population rises to 4.8 million people in 2025. — Yemen records 2.5 million internally displaced people in 2015 and 4.8 million in 2025, an increase of 2.3 million people.
• Palestine’s life expectancy falls by 9.0 years between 2013 and 2023. — Life expectancy in Palestine declines from 74.1 years in 2013 to 65.2 years in 2023, a drop of 12.1%.
• Vietnam’s exports approach the size of its gross domestic product in 2025. — Vietnam’s exports rise from 72.9% of gross domestic product in 2015 to 98.2% in 2025, an increase of 25.3 percentage points.
• Uganda’s fertility rate falls 23.0% between 2014 and 2024. — Uganda records 5.41 births per woman in 2014 and 4.17 births per woman in 2024, a decline of 1.24 births per woman.
• Myanmar has 1.52 million refugees abroad in 2025, up 237.4% from 2015. — The number of refugees abroad from Myanmar rises from 452,000 people in 2015 to 1.52 million people in 2025.
• Renewables supply 56.4% of Cambodia’s electricity in 2021. — Cambodia’s renewable share rises from 6.5% of electricity output in 2011 to 56.4% in 2021, a gain of 49.8 percentage points.
• Forest area in DR Congo falls between 2013 and 2023. — Forests cover 59.0% of DR Congo’s land area in 2013 and 54.2% in 2023, a decline of 4.9 percentage points.
• Pakistan’s adult obesity rate rises 131.5% between 2009 and 2024. — Adults with obesity account for 10.6% of Pakistan’s adult population in 2009 and 24.5% in 2024, an increase of 13.9 percentage points.
• Romania enters the global top 10 for reported measles cases in 2024. — Romania rises from rank 21 with 3,680 reported cases in 2023 to rank 5 with 25,500 cases in 2024 among 194 countries.
• Ethiopia’s maternal mortality rate falls 69.7% between 2005 and 2020. — Ethiopia records 880 maternal deaths per 100,000 live births in 2005 and 267 deaths per 100,000 live births in 2020.
• Cambodia’s urban population share nearly doubles from 2010 to 2025. — The share of Cambodia’s population living in cities rises from 21.1% in 2010 to 41.1% in 2025, a gain of 20.0 percentage points.
• Aruba’s death rate overtakes its birth rate in 2024. — In Aruba in 2024, the birth rate is 7.593 and the death rate is 7.778 per 1,000 people, after a 64-year run with births ahead from 1960.
• Austria reports a record 542 measles cases in 2024, its highest count since records begin in 1993. — The 2024 total surpasses Austria’s previous record of 448 reported cases in 2008, which stood for 16 years.
• Syria hosts 9,890 refugees in 2025, down 99.0% from 1.01 million in 2010. — Syria’s number of refugees hosted follows a nearly uninterrupted decline from 2010 to 2025.
• Estonia’s fertility rate falls to a record 1.18 births per woman in 2024. — The 2024 rate is below Estonia’s previous low of 1.28 births per woman in 1998, which stood for 26 years.
• Australia’s emissions fall from 18.9 tonnes per person in 2009 to 14.1 tonnes in 2024. — Australia records a nearly continuous 25.5% decline in carbon dioxide equivalent emissions per person from 2009 to 2024.
• Zimbabwe’s life expectancy rises from 48.5 years in 2008 to 62.8 years in 2023. — Zimbabwe records a nearly continuous 29.6% increase in life expectancy from 2008 to 2023.
• Uzbekistan’s NCD mortality probability falls from 43.1% in 2006 to 24.6% in 2021. — Uzbekistan records a nearly continuous 42.9% decline in the probability of NCD mortality from 2006 to 2021.
• Zimbabwe’s life expectancy climbs from 49.8 years in 2009 to 63.1 years in 2024. — Zimbabwe records a nearly continuous 26.8% increase in life expectancy from 2009 to 2024.
• Sierra Leone’s maternal mortality falls from 1,330 deaths in 2005 to 443 in 2020. — Sierra Leone records a 66.6% decline from 2005 to 2020 in maternal deaths per 100,000 live births.
• Agriculture’s share of employment in Rwanda falls from 62.0% in 2010 to 35.1% in 2025. — Rwanda records a nearly continuous 43.5% decline in agriculture’s share of employment from 2010 to 2025.
• Forest area in Paraguay shrinks from 51.0% of land in 2008 to 38.5% in 2023. — Paraguay records a nearly continuous 24.4% decline in forest area as a share of land from 2008 to 2023.
• Australia’s carbon dioxide emissions fall from 18.7 tonnes per person in 2009 to 14.5 tonnes in 2024. — Australia records a nearly continuous 22.5% decline in carbon dioxide emissions per person from 2009 to 2024.
• Electricity access in Sudan rises from 20% of the population in 2008 to 66% in 2023. — Sudan records a nearly continuous 230% increase in the share of its population with electricity access from 2008 to 2023.
• Somalia’s urban population share rises from 38.6% in 2010 to 55.1% in 2025. — Somalia records a nearly continuous 42.9% increase in the share of people living in cities from 2010 to 2025.
• Agricultural land in Greece falls from 59.4% of land area in 2008 to 41.7% in 2023. — Greece records a nearly continuous 29.8% decline in agricultural land as a share of land area from 2008 to 2023.
• Adult obesity in Uzbekistan rises from 17.9% in 2009 to 31.2% in 2024. — Uzbekistan records a nearly continuous 74.0% increase in the share of adults with obesity from 2009 to 2024.
• El Salvador enters the global top 10 for renewable electricity, reaching rank 6 in 2021. — Renewables supply 95.6% of El Salvador’s electricity in 2021, up from 86.1% and rank 16 among 203 countries in 2020.
• Forest area in Nicaragua shrinks from 36.8% of land in 2008 to 25.8% in 2023. — Nicaragua records a nearly continuous 29.9% decline in forest area as a share of land from 2008 to 2023.
• Hong Kong’s population aged 65 and over rises from 13.2% in 2010 to 23.7% in 2025. — Hong Kong records a nearly continuous 79.3% increase in the share of residents aged 65 and over from 2010 to 2025.
• Moldova’s DTP3 immunization rate falls to a record-low 82% of one-year-olds in 2025. — The 2025 rate is below Moldova’s previous low of 85% in 2009, which stood for 16 years.
• Uzbekistan enters the global top 10 for measles cases, reaching rank 8 in 2024. — Uzbekistan reports 20,900 measles cases in 2024, up from 1,180 and rank 34 among 194 countries in 2023.
• Chad hosts 1.5 million refugees in 2025, up from 348,000 people in 2010. — Chad's hosted refugee population increases by 1.15 million people, or 331.8 percent, from 2010 to 2025.
• Niger's inflation turns negative in 2025, at -4.5 percent per year after 9.1 percent in 2024. — Niger records positive annual inflation from 2020 through 2024 before the rate crosses below zero in 2025.
• Belize reaches a record 130 maternal deaths per 100,000 live births in 2020. — Belize's 2020 rate tops its previous record of 114 deaths per 100,000 live births in 1985.
• Adult obesity in Chile rises from 27.1 percent in 2009 to 40.5 percent in 2024. — Chile's adult obesity share increases by 13.3 percentage points, or 49.1 percent, from 2009 to 2024.
• Burundi's urban share rises from 11.0 percent of the population in 2010 to 25.7 percent in 2025. — The share of Burundi's population living in cities increases by 14.7 percentage points from 2010 to 2025.
• Agricultural land in Guinea grows from 58.9 percent of land area in 2008 to 73.2 percent in 2023. — Guinea's agricultural share increases by 14.3 percentage points, or 24.3 percent, from 2008 to 2023.
• Life expectancy in Eswatini climbs from 45.9 years in 2008 to 64.1 years in 2023. — Eswatini's life expectancy increases by 18.3 years, or 39.8 percent, from 2008 to 2023.
• Hong Kong records net migration of 17,900 people in 2025, after -19,300 people in 2024. — Hong Kong's positive reading in 2025 ends a run of negative net migration from 2018 through 2024.